Publication

Publication

Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications

2014

  • Hsien-Yi Hsu, Jarrett H. Vella, Jason D. Myers, Jiangeng Xue, and Kirk S. Schanze, “Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Platinum Poly-yne Films”, Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2014, accepted).
  • (Invited review) Weiran Cao, Jian Li, Hongzheng Chen, and Jiangeng Xue, “Transparent Electrodes for Organic Optoelectronic Devices”, Journal of Photonics for Energy (2014, accepted).
  • Raghida Bou Zerdan, Nathan T. Shewmon, Yu Zhu, John P. Mudrick, Kyle J. Chesney, Jiangeng Xue, and Ronald K. Castellano, “The Influence of Solubilizing Chain Stereochemistry on Small Molecule Photovoltaics”, Advanced Functional Materials (2014, in press).
  • John P. Mudrick, Weiran Cao, Jian Li, and Jiangeng Xue, “Tandem small molecule organic photovoltaic cells with broad spectral response up to 1 μm and a high open-circuit voltage”, Organic Electronics 15, 3024-3030 (2014).
  • Weifei Fu, Ling Wang, Jun Ling, Hanying Li, Minmin Shi, Jiangeng Xue, Hongzheng Chen, “High Efficiency Hybrid Solar Cells with Tunable Dipole at the Donor/Acceptor Interface”, Nanoscale 6, 10545-10550 (2014).
  • Weiran Cao, Zhifeng Li, Yixing Yang, Ying Zheng, Weijie Yu, Rimza Afzal, and Jiangeng Xue, “ ‘Solar tree’: Exploring new form factors of organic solar cells”, Renewable Energy 72, 134-139 (2014).
  • Tyler B. Fleetham, John P. Mudrick, Weiran Cao, Kody Klimes, Jiangeng Xue, and Jian Li, “Efficient Zinc Phthalocyanine/C60 Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices Employing Tetracene Anode Interfacial Layers”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, 7254-7259 (2014).
  • (Invited review) Weiran Cao and Jiangeng Xue, “Recent Progress in Organic Photovoltaics: Device Architecture and Optical Design”, Energy & Environmental Science 7, 2123-2144 (2014).
  • Benjamin M. Schulze, Nathan T. Shewmon, Jing Zhang, Davita L. Watkins, John P. Mudrick, Weiran Cao, Raghida Bou Zerdan, Anthony J. Quartararo, Ion Ghiviriga, Jiangeng Xue, and Ronald K. Castellano, “Consequences of hydrogen bonding on molecular organization and charge transport in molecular organic photovoltaic materials”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2, 1541-1549 (2014).

2013

  • Tyler B. Fleetham, Barry O’Brien, John P. Mudrick, Jiangeng Xue, and Jian Li, “External quantum efficiency enhancement in organic photovoltaic devices employing dual organic anode interfacial layers”, Applied Physics Letters 103, 083302 (2013).
  • Tyler B. Fleetham, Nathan Bakkan, John P. Mudrick, Jason D. Myers, Vincent D. Cassidy, Jiangeng Xue, and Jian Li, “Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage in Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Partially Chlorinated Zinc Phthalocyanine”, Journal of Materials Science 48, 7104-7114 (2013).
  • Renjia Zhou, Romain Stalder, Dongping Xie, Ying Zheng, Weiran Cao, Yixing Yang, Marc Plaisant, Kirk S. Schanze, John R. Reynolds, Paul H. Holloway, and Jiangeng Xue, “Enhancing the Efficiency of Solution-Processed Polymer:Colloidal Nanocrystal Hybrid Photovoltaic Cells Using Ethanedithiol Treatment”, ACS Nano 7, 4846-4854 (2013).
  • Yixing Yang, Pamela Cohn, Sang-Hyun Eom, Khalil A. Abboud, Ronald K. Castellano, and Jiangeng Xue, “Ultraviolet-violet Electroluminescence from Highly Fluorescent Purines”, Journal of Materials Chemistry C 1, 2867-2874 (2013).
  • Sangjun Lee, Edward Wrzesniewski, Weiran Cao, Jiangeng Xue, and Elliot P. Douglas, “Printed Microlens Arrays for Enhancing Light Extraction from Organic Light-Emitting Devices”, IEEE Journal of Display Technology 9, 497-503 (2013).

2012

  • Romain Stalder, Dongping Xie, Renjia Zhou, Jiangeng Xue, John Reynolds, and Kirk Schanze, “Variable-Gap Conjugated Oligomers Grafted to CdSe Nanocrystals”, Chemistry of Materials 24, 3143-3152 (2012).
  • Lu Peng, Mingxu You, Quan Yuan, Cuichen Wu; Da Han, Yan Chen, Zhihua Zhong, Jiangeng Xue, and Weihong Tan, “Macroscopic Volume Change of Dynamic Hydrogels induced by Reversible DNA Hybridization”, Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, 12302-12307 (2012).
  • Weiran Cao, Ying Zheng, Zhifeng Li, Edward Wrzesniewski, William T. Hammond, and Jiangeng Xue, “Flexible Organic Solar Cells Using an Oxide/Metal/Oxide Trilayer as Transparent Electrode”, Organic Electronics 13, 2221-2228 (2012).
  • Edward Wrzesniewski, Sang-Hyun Eom, Weiran Cao, William T. Hammond, Sangjun Lee, Elliot P. Douglas, and Jiangeng Xue, “Enhancing Light Extraction in Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Devices Using Molded Transparent Polymer Microlens Arrays”, Small 8, 2647-2651 (2012).
  • Jason D. Myers, Weiran Cao, Vincent Cassidy, Sang-Hyun Eom, Renjia Zhou, Liqiang Yang, Wei You, and Jiangeng Xue, “A universal optical approach to enhancing efficiency of organic-based photovoltaic devices”, Energy & Environmental Science 5, 6900-6904 (2012).
  • Renjia Zhou, Ying Zheng, Lei Qian, Yixing Yang, Paul H. Holloway, Jiangeng Xue, “Solution-processed, nanostructured hybrid solar cells with broad spectral sensitivity and stability”, Nanoscale 4 , 3507-3514 (2012) .
  • (Invited review) Renjia Zhou and Jiangeng Xue, “Hybrid polymer:nanocrystal materials for photovoltaic applications”, ChemPhysChem 13, 2471-2480 (2012) .
  • Jihua Yang, Lei Qian, Renjia Zhou, Ying Zheng, Aiwei Tang, Paul H. Holloway, and Jiangeng Xue, “Hybrid polymer:colloidal nanoparticle photovoltaic cells incorporating a solution-processed, multi-functioned ZnO nanocrystal layer”, Journal of Applied Physics, 111, 044323 (2012).
  • (Invited review) Jason D. Myers and Jiangeng Xue, “Organic Semiconductors and Their Applications in Photovoltaic Devices”, Polymer Reviews 52, 1-37 (2012).
  • O. M. Ntwaeaborwa, R. Zhou, L. Qian, S. S. Pitale, J. Xue, H. C. Swart, and P. H. Holloway, “Post-fabrication annealing effects on the performance of P3HT:PCBM solar cells with/without ZnO nanoparticles”, Physica B 407, 1631-1633 (2012).

2011

  • Kenneth R. Graham, Yixing Yang, Jonathan R. Sommer, Abigail H. Shelton, Kirk S. Schanze, Jiangeng Xue, and John R. Reynolds, “Extended Conjugation Platinum(II) Porphyrins for use in Near-Infrared Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes”, Chemistry of Materials 23, 5305-5312 (2011).
  • Wei Zhao, John Mudrick, Ying Zheng, William Hammond, Yixing Yang, and Jiangeng Xue, “Enhancing Photovoltaic Response of Organic Solar Cells Using a Crystalline Molecular Template”, Organic Electronics 13, 129-135 (2011).
  • Debasis Bera, Sergey Maslov, Jaewon Lee, Jiangeng Xue, Franky So, and Paul H. Holloway, “Optimization of down-conversion phosphor films for high efficiency white organic light emitting diodes”, Journal of Photonics for Energy 1, 011025 (2011).
  • Weiran Cao, Jason Myers, Ying Zheng, William Hammond, Edward Wrzesniewski, and Jiangeng Xue, “Enhancing Light Harvesting in Organic Solar Cells with Pyramidal Rear Reflectors”, Applied Physics Letters 99, 023306 (2011).
  • Lei Qian, Ying Zheng, Jiangeng Xue, and Paul H. Holloway, “Stable and efficient quantum-dot light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed multilayer structures”, Nature Photonics 5, 543-548 (2011).
  • Edward Wrzesniewski, Sang-Hyun Eom, William T. Hammond, Weiran Cao, and Jiangeng Xue, “Transparent oxide/metal/oxide trilayer electrode for use in top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes”, Journal of Photonics for Energy 1, 011023 (2011).
  • Dinesh G. “Dan” Patel, Yu-ya Ohnishi, Yixing Yang, Sang-Hyun Eom, Richard T. Farley, Kenneth R. Graham, Jiangeng Xue, So Hirata, Kirk S. Schanze, and John R. Reynolds, “Conjugated Polymers for Pure UV Light Emission: Poly(meta-phenylenes)”, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics 49, 557-565 (2011).
  • Lei Qian, Jihua Yang, Renjia Zhou, Aiwei Tang, Ying Zheng, Teng-Kuan Tseng, Debasis Bera, Jiangeng Xue, and Paul H. Holloway, “Hybrid Polymer-CdSe Solar Cells with a ZnO Nanoparticle Buffer Layer for Improved Efficiency and Lifetime”, Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, 3814-3817 (2011).
  • Sang-Hyun Eom, Edward Wrzesniewski, and Jiangeng Xue, “Close-packed hemispherical microlens arrays for light extraction enhancement in organic light-emitting devices”, Organic Electronics 12, 472-476 (2011).
  • Jaewon Lee, Neetu Chopra, Debasis Bera, Sergey Maslov, Sang-Hyun Eom, Ying Zheng, Paul Holloway, Jiangeng Xue, and Franky So, “Down-conversion white organic light light-emitting diodes using microcavity structure”, Advanced Energy Materials 1, 174-178 (2011).
  • Sang-Hyun Eom, Edward Wrzesniewski, and Jiangeng Xue, “Enhancing light extraction in organic light-emitting devices via hemispherical microlens arrays fabricated by soft lithography”, Journal of Photonics for Energy 1, 011001 (2011).
  • Jihua Yang, Aiwei Tang, Renjia Zhou, and Jiangeng Xue, “Effects of nanocrystal size and device aging on performance of hybrid poly(3-hexylthiophene):CdSe nanocrystal solar cells”, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95, 476-482 (2011).

2010

  • Lei Qian, Ying Zheng, Kaushik R. Choudhury, Debasis Bera, Franky So, Jiangeng Xue, and Paul H. Holloway, “Electroluminescence from Light-Emitting Polymers/ZnO Nanoparticle Heterojunctions at Sub-bandgap Voltages”, Nano Today 5, 384-389 (2010).
  • (Invited review) Ying Zheng and Jiangeng Xue, “Organic Photovoltaic Cells Based on Molecular Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions”, Polymer Reviews 50, 420-453 (2010).
  • (Invited review) Jiangeng Xue, “Perspectives on organic photovoltaics”, Polymer Reviews 50, 411-419 (2010).
  • William T. Hammond and Jiangeng Xue, “Organic heterojunction photodiodes exhibiting low voltage, imaging-speed photocurrent gain”, Applied Physics Letters 97, 073302 (2010).
  • Ying Zheng, Robel Bekele, Jiaomin Ouyang, and Jiangeng Xue, “Interdigitated bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells with aligned copper phthalocyanine nanorods”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 16, 1544-1551 (2010).
  • Yixing Yang, Pam Pamela Cohn, Aubrey L. Dyer, Sang-Hyun Eom, John R. Reynolds, Ronald K. Castellano, and Jiangeng Xue, “Blue-Violet Electroluminescence from a Highly Fluorescent Purine”, Chemistry of Materials 22, 3580-3582 (2010).
  • Neetu Chopra, Jaewon Lee, Jiangeng Xue, and Franky So, “High-efficiency blue emitting phosphorescent OLEDs”, IEEE Transactions on Electronic Devices 57, 101-107 (2010). (invited paper)

2009

  • Ying Zheng, Robel Bekele, Jiaomin Ouyang, and Jiangeng Xue, “Organic photovoltaic cells with vertically aligned crystalline molecular nanorods”, Organic Electronics 10, 1621-1625 (2009).
  • Yixing Yang, Richard T. Farley, Timothy T. Steckler, Sang-Hyun Eom, John R. Reynolds, Kirk S. Schanze, and Jiangeng Xue, “Efficient Near Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Devices based on Low-Gap Fluorescent Oligomers”, Journal of Applied Physics 106, 044509 (2009).
  • Neetu Chopra, Jaewon Lee, Ying Zheng, Sang-Hyun Eom, Jiangeng Xue, and Franky So, “Effect of charge balance on high-efficiency blue-phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes”, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 1, 1169-1172 (2009).
  • Jason D. Myers, Teng-Kuan Tseng, and Jiangeng Xue, “Photocarrier behavior in organic heterojunction photovoltaic cells”, Organic Electronics 10, 1182-1186 (2009).
  • Sang-Hyun Eom, Ying Zheng, Edward Wrzesniewski, Jaewon Lee, Neetu Chopra, Franky So, and Jiangeng Xue, “White phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with dual triple-doped emissive layers”, Applied Physics Letters 94, 153303 (2009).
  • Sang-Hyun Eom, Ying Zheng, Edward Wrzesniewski, Jaewon Lee, Neetu Chopra, Franky So, and Jiangeng Xue, “Effect of electron injection and transport materials on efficiency of deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices”, Organic Electronics 10, 686-691 (2009).
  • Jonathan R. Sommer, Richard T. Farley, Kenneth R. Graham, Yixing Yang, John R. Reynolds, Jiangeng Xue, and Kirk S. Schanze, “Efficient Near-Infrared Polymer and Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Electrophosphorescence from (Tetraphenyltetranaphtho[2,3]porphyrin)platinum(II)”, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 1, 274-278 (2009).
  • Ying Zheng, Sharon K. Pregler, Jason D. Myers, Jiaomin Ouyang, Susan B. Sinnott, and Jiangeng Xue, “Computational and experimental studies of phase separation in pentacene:C60 mixtures”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 27, 169-179 (2009).

2008

  • Yixing Yang, Richard T. Farley, Timothy T. Steckler, Sang-Hyun Eom, John R. Reynolds, Kirk S. Schanze, and Jiangeng Xue, “Near Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Devices based on Donor-Acceptor-Donor Oligomers”, Applied Physics Letters 93, 163305 (2008).
  • Neetu Chopra, Jaewon Lee, Ying Zheng, Sang-Hyun Eom, Jiangeng Xue, and Franky So, “High efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting device”, Applied Physics Letters 93, 143307 (2008).
  • Sang-Hyun Eom, Ying Zheng, Neetu Chopra, Jaewon Lee, Franky So, and Jiangeng Xue, “Low voltage and very high efficiency deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices”, Applied Physics Letters 93, 133309 (2008).
  • Jaewon Lee, Neetu Chopra, Sang-Hyun Eom, Ying Zheng, Jiangeng Xue, Franky So, and Jianmin Shi, “Effects of triplet energies and transporting properties of carrier transporpting materials on blue phosphorescent organic light emitting devices”, Applied Physics Letters 93, 123306 (2008).
  • Ying Zheng, Sang-Hyun Eom, Neetu Chopra, Jaewon Lee, Franky So, and Jiangeng Xue, “Efficient deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting device with improved electron and exciton confinement”, Applied Physics Letters 92, 223301 (2008).

Prior to 2008

  • Jiangeng Xue, Barry P. Rand, Soichi Uchida, and Stephen R. Forrest, “Mixed donor-acceptor molecular heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications: II. Device performance”, Journal of Applied Physics 98, 124903 (2005).
  • Barry P. Rand, Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, and Stephen R. Forrest, “Mixed donor-acceptor molecular heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications: I. Material properties”, Journal of Applied Physics 98, 124902 (2005).
  • Barry P. Rand, Jiangeng Xue, Fan Yang, and Stephen R. Forrest, “Organic solar cells with sensitivity extending into the near infrared”, Applied Physics Letters 87, 233508 (2005).
  • Rhonda F. Salzman, Jiangeng Xue, Barry P. Rand, Alex Alexander, Mark E. Thompson, and Stephen R. Forrest, “Effects of copper phthalocyanine purity on organic solar cell performance”, Organic Electronics 6, 242-246  (2005).
  • Barry P. Rand, Jian Li, Jiangeng Xue, Russell J. Holmes, Mark E. Thompson, and Stephen R. Forrest, “Organic double-heterostructure photovoltaic cells employing thick tris(acetylacetonato)ruthenium(III) exciton-blocking layers”, Advanced Materials 17, 2714-2718 (2005).
  • Jiangeng Xue, Barry P. Rand, Soichi Uchida, and Stephen R. Forrest, “A hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunction photovoltaic cell”, Advanced Materials 17, 66-71 (2005).
  • Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, Barry P. Rand, and Stephen R. Forrest, “Asymmetric tandem organic photovoltaic cells with hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunctions”, Applied Physics Letters 85, 5757-5759 (2004).
  • Jiangeng Xue and Stephen R. Forrest, “Bipolar doping between a molecular organic donor-acceptor couple”, Physical Review B 69, 245322 (2004).
  • Soichi Uchida, Jiangeng Xue, Barry P. Rand, and Stephen R. Forrest, “Organic small molecule solar cells with a homogeneously mixed CuPc:C60 active layer”, Applied Physics Letters 84, 4218-4220 (2004).
  • Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, Barry P. Rand, and Stephen R. Forrest, “4.2% efficient organic photovoltaic cells with low series resistances”, Applied Physics Letters 84, 3013-3015 (2004).
  • Jiangeng Xue and Stephen R. Forrest, “Carrier transport in multilayer organic photodetectors: II. Effects of anode preparation”, Journal of Applied Physics 95, 1869-1877 (2004).
  • Jiangeng Xue and Stephen R. Forrest, “Carrier transport in multilayer organic photodetectors: I. Effects of layer structure on dark current and photoresponse”, Journal of Applied Physics 95, 1859-1868 (2004).
  • B. P. Rand, J. Xue, M. Lange, and S. R. Forrest, “Thin-film organic position sensitive detectors”, IEEE Photonic Technology Letters 15, 1279-1281 (2003).
  • Jiangeng Xue and Stephen R. Forrest, “Organic optical bistable switch”, Applied Physics Letters 82, 136-138 (2003).
  • Jiangeng Xue and Stephen R. Forrest, “Organic thin-film transistors based on bis(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)-p-quinobis(1,3-dithiole)”, Applied Physics Letters 79, 3714-3716 (2001).
  • Jiangeng Xue, Jingui Qin, Peter V. Bedworth, Karen Kustedjo, Seth R. Marder, and Stephen R. Forrest, “Characterization of bis(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)-p-quinobis(1,3-dithiole) thin films grown by organic molecular beam deposition”, Organic Electronics 2, 143-154 (2001).
  • Fang Rongchuan, Chang Chao, Liao Yuan, Ye Zhiyuan, Xue Jiangeng, Wang Guanzhong, Ma Yurong, Shang Naigui, Niu Xiaobing, Wang Daimian, Wu Qihong, Jie JianSheng, “Development and application of a computer-programming-controlled CVD diamond film growth system”, Materials Review 14, 74 (2001) (in Chinese).
  • Dayan Ban, Jiangeng Xue, Rongchuan Fang, Shihong Xu, Erdong Lu, and Pengshou Xu, “Measurements and calculations of valence band offsets of SiOx/ZnS and SiOx/CdTe hetero-junctions”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 16, 989-995 (1998).
  • Jiangeng Xue, Dayan Ban, Rongchuan Fang, Erdong Lu, and Pengshou Xu, “Band lineup of SiOx/ZnS (111) heterojunctions: a synchrotron radiation photoemission study”, Thin Solid Films 334, 20-24 (1998).
  • Dayan Ban, Rongchuan Fang, Jiangeng Xue, Erdong Lu, and Pengshou Xu, “Effect of growth temperature on the band lineup of Ge/CdTe(111) polar interface”, Chinese Physics Letters 14, 609 (1997).
  • Dayan Ban, Jiangeng Xue, Rongchuan Fang, Shihong Xu, Erdong Lu, and Pengshou Xu, “Interface formation of several heterojunctions concerning IV and II-VI semiconductors”, Rare Metals 16, 161 (1997).
  • Dayan Ban, Rongchuan Fang, Jiangeng Xue, Erdong Lu, Shihong Xu, and Pengshou Xu, “Valence band offsets of Si/ZnS polar interfaces: A synchrotron radiation photoemission study”, Acta Physica Sinica 46, 1817 (1997) (in Chinese).

Patents

  • “SolarTurf: solar energy harvesting artificial turf”, Jiangeng Xue, Franky So, Kirk S. Schanze, and John R. Reynolds, U.S. Patent #8,648,247, February 11, 2014.
  • “High efficiency organic photovoltaic cells employing hybridized mixed-planar heterojunctions”, Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, Barry P. Rand, and Stephen R. Forrest, U.S. Patent #8,586,967, November 19, 2013.
  • “Top-emission organic light-emitting devices with microlens arrays”, Jiangeng Xue and Elliot P. Douglas, U.S. Patent #8,373,341, February 12, 2013.
  • “Method of forming an encapsulating electrode”, Aaron Wadell and Jiangeng Xue, U.S. Patent #8,058,093, November 15, 2011.
  • “Inkjet printing of microlenses for photonic applications”, Elliot P. Douglas and Jiangeng Xue, U.S. Patent #8,040,058, October 18, 2011.
  • “Stacked organic photosensitive devices”, Stephen R. Forrest, Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, and Barry P. Rand, U.S. Patent # 7,915,701, March 29, 2011.
  • “Stacked organic photosensitive devices”, Stephen R. Forrest, Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, and Barry P. Rand, U.S. Patent # 7,816,715, October 19, 2010.
  • “Stacked organic photosensitive devices”, Stephen R. Forrest, Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, and Barry P. Rand, U.S. Patent # 7,375,370, May 20, 2008.
  • “Stacked organic photosensitive devices”, Stephen R. Forrest, Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, and Barry P. Rand, U.S. Patent # 7,326,955, February 5, 2008.
  • “Low resistance thin film organic solar cell electrodes”, Stephen R. Forrest and Jiangeng Xue, U.S. Patent #7,314,773, January 1, 2008.
  • “Stacked organic photosensitive devices”, Stephen R. Forrest, Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, and Barry P. Rand, U.S. Patent # 7,196,366, March 27, 2007.
  • “Bipolar organic devices”, Stephen R. Forrest and Jiangeng Xue, U.S. Patent # 7,061,011, June 13, 2006.
  • “Grey scale bistable display”, Michael Hack, Stephen R. Forrest, and Jiangeng Xue, U.S. Patent # 7,053,412, May 30, 2006.
  • “Multilayer organic photodetectors with improved performance”, Stephen R. Forrest and Jiangeng Xue, U.S. Patent # 6,972,431, December 6, 2005.
  • “Spatial-resolved optical luminescence collector”, Fang Rongchuan, Ye Zhiyuan, Xue Jiangeng, Wang Guanzhong, Cui Jingbiao, Li Canhua, Chinese Patent # 99114278.0, September 3, 2003.